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| http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/extremeevents/specialreports/Climate-of-1997-Annual-Global-Temperature-Index.pdf |
“1997 was the warmest year of this century, based on land and ocean surface temperature data, reports a team of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, NC. Led by the Center's Senior Scientist Tom Karl, the team analyzed temperatures from around the globe during the years 1900 to 1997 and back to 1880 for land areas. For 1997, land and ocean temperatures averaged three quarters of a degree Fahrenheit (F) (0.42 degrees Celsius (C)) above normal. (Normal is defined by the mean temperature, 61.7 degrees F (16.5 degrees C), for the 30 years 1961-90). The 1997 figure exceeds the previous warm year, 1990, by 0.15 degrees F (0.08 degrees C).”
http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/extremeevents/specialreports/Climate-of-1997-Global-Temp-Index-Warmest.pdf
Annual global surface temperature anomalies, 1900 to 1997, for Land (column 2), Sea (column 3), and Land and Sea combined into an index of global surface temperature anomalies (column 4).
http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/extremeevents/specialreports/globet3.txt
Column 1=Year Column 2=GHCN Land Anomaly (C) Column 3=UK Met Office and Reynolds SST Anomaly (C) Column 4=Global Temperature Index (C) CDegx1.8 = Deg F on the anomaly scale. DegCx1.8+32 = DegF on the temperature scale for 1961-90: Global Land Mean = approximately 14.1C; 57.3F Global Mean SST = approximately 17.5C; 63.5F Global Mean Index = approximately 16.5C; 61.7F Estimates from: www.giss.nasa.gov and "Oceanography, a view of the Earth," M. Grant Gross, Prentice Hall, 1972, 500pp. 1 2 3 4 1900 -0.16 -0.13 -0.14 1901 -0.19 -0.21 -0.20 1902 -0.40 -0.30 -0.33 1903 -0.46 -0.46 -0.46 1904 -0.56 -0.44 -0.48 1905 -0.42 -0.39 -0.40 1906 -0.23 -0.30 -0.28 1907 -0.68 -0.42 -0.50 1908 -0.51 -0.43 -0.45 1909 -0.47 -0.41 -0.43 1910 -0.36 -0.43 -0.41 1911 -0.41 -0.39 -0.40 1912 -0.46 -0.32 -0.36 1913 -0.32 -0.36 -0.35 1914 -0.08 -0.27 -0.21 1915 -0.07 -0.14 -0.12 1916 -0.38 -0.28 -0.31 1917 -0.71 -0.33 -0.44 1918 -0.43 -0.29 -0.33 1919 -0.32 -0.22 -0.25 1920 -0.29 -0.28 -0.28 1921 -0.07 -0.24 -0.19 1922 -0.26 -0.31 -0.30 1923 -0.26 -0.30 -0.29 1924 -0.29 -0.29 -0.29 1925 -0.17 -0.27 -0.24 1926 -0.04 -0.09 -0.08 1927 -0.19 -0.15 -0.16 1928 -0.11 -0.20 -0.17 1929 -0.42 -0.29 -0.33 1930 -0.06 -0.13 -0.11 1931 -0.02 -0.08 -0.06 1932 -0.05 -0.16 -0.13 1933 -0.30 -0.17 -0.21 1934 0.00 -0.21 -0.15 1935 -0.15 -0.19 -0.18 1936 -0.10 -0.13 -0.12 1937 0.00 0.03 0.02 1938 0.16 0.02 0.06 1939 0.03 -0.05 -0.03 1940 -0.02 -0.11 -0.08 1941 -0.02 0.00 -0.01 1942 -0.06 0.07 0.03 1943 -0.03 0.06 0.03 1944 0.07 0.12 0.11 1945 -0.15 0.10 0.03 1946 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 1947 -0.02 -0.16 -0.12 1948 0.00 -0.13 -0.09 1949 -0.11 -0.06 -0.08 1950 -0.30 -0.08 -0.15 1951 -0.11 -0.03 -0.05 1952 -0.06 0.05 0.02 1953 0.09 0.03 0.05 1954 -0.19 -0.15 -0.16 1955 -0.20 -0.15 -0.17 1956 -0.48 -0.15 -0.25 1957 -0.09 0.06 0.02 1958 0.06 0.10 0.09 1959 -0.03 0.06 0.03 1960 -0.09 0.03 -0.01 1961 0.01 0.00 0.00 1962 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 1963 -0.01 0.03 0.02 1964 -0.32 -0.15 -0.20 1965 -0.26 -0.15 -0.18 1966 -0.13 -0.02 -0.05 1967 -0.16 -0.05 -0.08 1968 -0.24 -0.07 -0.12 1969 -0.14 0.10 0.03 1970 -0.08 -0.03 -0.05 1971 -0.23 -0.21 -0.22 1972 -0.25 -0.01 -0.08 1973 0.13 0.03 0.06 1974 -0.30 -0.14 -0.19 1975 -0.08 -0.18 -0.15 1976 -0.38 -0.15 -0.22 1977 0.09 0.01 0.03 1978 -0.06 -0.04 -0.05 1979 0.06 0.04 0.05 1980 0.13 0.05 0.07 1981 0.32 -0.01 0.09 1982 0.00 0.08 0.06 1983 0.34 0.21 0.25 1984 -0.05 0.06 0.03 1985 -0.03 -0.00 -0.01 1986 0.12 0.06 0.08 1987 0.31 0.25 0.27 1988 0.41 0.17 0.24 1989 0.28 0.10 0.16 1990 0.56 0.24 0.33 1991 0.42 0.22 0.28 1992 0.13 0.09 0.10 1993 0.17 0.07 0.10 1994 0.43 0.14 0.23 1995 0.55 0.24 0.33 1996 0.23 0.19 0.20 1997 0.42 0.41 0.42
Examples of how to find the actual annual global temperature for any calendar year from 1900 to 1997.
(1) For land surfaces (column 2):-
-0.14°C is the annual anomaly for 1900, such that the annual global temperature of 1900 is 0.14°C below 14.1°C, which is the average global temperature of the thirty calendar years from 1961 to 1990, such that 13.9°C is the annual global temperature of 1900.
(2) For ocean surfaces (column 3):-
0.07°C is the annual anomaly for 1942, such that the annual global temperature of 1942 is 0.07°C above 17.5°C, which is the average global temperature of the thirty calendar years from 1961 to 1990, such that 17.57°C is the annual global temperature for 1942.
(3) For and and ocean surfaces combined (column 4):-
-0.31°C is the annual anomaly for 1916, such that the annual global temperature of 1916 is 0.31°C below 16.5°C, which is the average global temperature of the thirty calendar years from 1961 to 1990, such that 16.19°C is the annual global temperature for 1916.
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